基于改进元胞自动机模型的地铁车厢乘客疏散模拟

周美琦; 杨晓霞; 张纪会; 刘天宇; 周美琦; 杨晓霞; 张纪会; 刘天宇

doi:10.13306/j.1672-3813.2021.03.006

复杂系统与复杂性科学 >

2021 , Vol. 18 >Issue 3: 35 - 44

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13306/j.1672-3813.2021.03.006

基于改进元胞自动机模型的地铁车厢乘客疏散模拟

周美琦 ,
杨晓霞 ,
张纪会 ,
刘天宇 ,
周美琦 ,
杨晓霞 ,
张纪会 ,
刘天宇

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1.青岛大学自动化学院复杂性科学研究所,山东青岛 266071;
2.青岛理工大学机械与汽车工程学院,山东青岛 266525

周美琦(1997-),女,山东枣庄人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为行人动力学模型。

收稿日期: 2020-12-30

修回日期: 2021-04-10

网络出版日期: 2021-06-18

基金资助

国家自然科学基金(62003182;61673228)

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Simulation of Passenger Evacuation in the Metro Carriage Based on an Improved Cellular Automata Model

ZHOU Meiqi ,
YANG Xiaoxia ,
ZHANG Jihui ,
LIU Tianyu ,
ZHOU Meiqi ,
YANG Xiaoxia ,
ZHANG Jihui ,
LIU Tianyu

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1. Institute of Complexity Science, College of Automation, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
2. School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266525, China

Received date: 2020-12-30

Revised date: 2021-04-10

Online published: 2021-06-18

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摘要

提出了一种基于改进元胞自动机模型的乘客疏散运动模型,用于研究地铁车厢内发生突发事故下的乘客疏散行为。充分考虑到乘客在突发事故下疏散时的趋利避害和从众心理等,结合模糊逻辑理论建立了乘客的车门选择机制,并利用改进的元胞自动机模型完成对乘客疏散过程的建模工作。通过仿真实验模拟分析了当地铁车厢内突发火灾时火源的位置、紧急情况下车门有效利用宽度以及座椅排布方式对乘客疏散的影响,并得到以下结论:火源位于中部车厢时乘客的疏散效率要高于位于车头或车尾车厢时的疏散效率;在一定范围内,地铁车门的有效利用宽度增加,有利于提高乘客的疏散效率;采用单排纵向排布的座椅排布方式可以在最大限度满足乘客舒适度要求的基础上保证乘客的疏散效率。模型利用了元胞自动机模型计算量小以及模糊逻辑理论不需要建立复杂数学模型的优势,可用于预测乘客疏散时车门的选择及运动过程,进而指导乘客在紧急情况下快速疏散。

关键词： 城市轨道交通; 乘客疏散; 地铁车门选择; 元胞自动机模型; 模糊逻辑理论; 地铁车厢

本文引用格式

周美琦 , 杨晓霞 , 张纪会 , 刘天宇 , 周美琦 , 杨晓霞 , 张纪会 , 刘天宇 . 基于改进元胞自动机模型的地铁车厢乘客疏散模拟[J]. 复杂系统与复杂性科学, 2021 , 18(3) : 35 -44 . DOI: 10.13306/j.1672-3813.2021.03.006

Abstract

In this paper, the passenger evacuation movement model based on the improved cellular automata model is proposed to study the evacuation behaviors of passengers in the metro carriage under emergency. Considering passenger′s psychology of seeking advantages and avoiding harm and herding behaviors in emergency evacuation, the door selection mechanism of passengers is established on the basis of fuzzy logic theory. The improved cellular automata model is used to complete the modeling and simulation of passenger evacuation process. The effect of the fire source position in the metro carriage under a sudden fire, the effective utilization width of the metro door and the seat arrangement on the passenger evacuation under emergency are studied through the simulation experiment. Simulation results are as follows: When the fire source is located in the middle metro carriage, the evacuation efficiency will be higher than that located in the first or last metro carriage. The increase of the effective utilization width of the metro door within a certain range is conducive to improve the efficiency of passenger evacuation. The seat arrangement with single row longitudinal can ensure the efficiency of passenger evacuation on the basis of satisfying the comfort requirements of passengers to the maximum extent. The model proposed in this paper makes full use of the advantages of cellular automata model with less computation and the fuzzy logic theory which does not need to establish a complex mathematical model. This model can be used to predict the metro door selection and movement process of passengers, and then guides passengers to evacuate quickly under emergency.

Key words： urban rail transit; passenger evacuation; metro door selection; cellular automata model; fuzzy logic theory; metro carriage

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