为准确地描述行人的出口选择问题,通过建立出口选择模型、并程序模拟仿真的方法,讨论了决定行人出口选择的三个关键因素:距离、密度和出口宽度。以两出口为例研究表明:只考虑距离作用时,等宽度的两个出口的疏散行人数量由对应的疏散区域决定;进一步考虑密度因素作用后,可有效平衡两个出口的疏散行人,实现了疏散的动态优化;出口宽度不相等时,必须同时考虑3个因素对出口选择的作用,才能更合理地描述疏散过程。该出口选择模型可有效地描述行人动力学特征,适用于非单一出口的一般情况。
In order to accurately describe the exit-selection of pedestrians, an exit-selection model is proposed and simulated. Three factors, i.e. distance, density and exit width, are studied in the model. A two-exit example is studied and the results show that the evacuation pedestrian number is decided by the pedestrain number if only the distance was considered, on the other hand, the evacuation pedestrain number is blanced effectively and the dynamic selection of pedestrain can be achieved if the density factor was considered. Under the condition of two unequal exit widths, the three factors must be considered in the model. Simulation results the provided model is also appropriate for multi-exit and other conditions as well as single exit condition.
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