基于量子力学的传染病模型构建与研究

何为源; 宾晟; 孙更新

doi:10.13306/j.1672-3813.2026.04.007

复杂系统与复杂性科学 >

2026 , Vol. 23 >Issue 4: 51 - 61

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13306/j.1672-3813.2026.04.007

复杂网络

基于量子力学的传染病模型构建与研究

何为源 ,
宾晟 ,
孙更新

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青岛大学计算机科学技术学院,山东青岛 266071

何为源(2000-),男,山东潍坊人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为复杂网络。

网络出版日期: 2026-09-15

基金资助

教育部人文社会科学规划基金(21YJA860001);山东省自然基金面上项目(ZR2021MG006)

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Construction and Research of Infectious Disease Model Based on Quantum Mechanics

HE Weiyuan ,
BIN Sheng ,
SUN Gengxin

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College of Computer Science & Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China

Online published: 2026-09-15

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摘要

现有的传染病模型通常基于仓室模型,通过调整仓室数量和转移路径进行新模型的构建,但此类模型划分的有限状态往往不能充分反映现实世界中个体所处的实际状态。鉴于此,结合量子力学进行传染病建模,使用叠加态表示个体状态,有效解决了传统仓室模型的缺陷。首先,分析了模型的感染过程与演化过程,并对无病平衡点和基本再生数进行了推导。其次,通过在量子电路上的模型仿真分析了模型的参数敏感性,并验证了模型的合理性。仿真结果表明,模型的预测结果符合病毒传播的一般规律,并能够模拟仓室模型的结构。最后,使用模型模拟了COVID-19 的感染传播,通过对比真实疫情数据,对模型的适用性进行了进一步的验证。模拟结果与实际疫情扩散趋势的相似性表明,此模型能够有效反映真实的病毒传播动态。

关键词： 传染病模型; 量子力学; 仓室模型; COVID-19

本文引用格式

何为源 , 宾晟 , 孙更新 . 基于量子力学的传染病模型构建与研究[J]. 复杂系统与复杂性科学, 2026 , 23(4) : 51 -61 . DOI: 10.13306/j.1672-3813.2026.04.007

Abstract

Existing infectious disease models are usually based on compartment models and model optimisation is performed by adjusting the number of compartments and transfer paths. However, the finite states delineated by the compartment model often do not adequately reflect the actual states that individuals live in the real world. In this study, we model infectious disease based on quantum mechanics and use quantum superposition states to represent individual states, achieving a more accurate representation of individual states. Firstly, this paper analyses the individual infection process and evolution of the model, and derives the basic reproduction number and disease-free equilibrium point of the model. Secondly, the model simulation is carried out on a quantum circuit, and the parameter sensitivity of the model is analysed and the reasonableness of the model is verified. The simulation results show that the predictions of the model are consistent with the general law of virus propagation and can be implemented to simulate the structure of the compartment model. Finally, the applicability of the model is further verified by simulating real COVID-19 epidemic data.

Key words： infectious disease model; quantum mechanics; compartment model; COVID-19

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