[1] DEUTSCH A, FRIEDL P, PREZIOSI L, et al. Multi-scale analysis and modelling of collective migration in biological systems[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 2020, 375(1807): 20190377.
[2] YANG Q, LIBERALI P. Collective behaviours in organoids[J]. Current Opinion in Cell Biology, 2021, 72: 81-90.
[3] 肖人彬. 群集智能特性分析及其对复杂系统研究的意义[J]. 复杂系统与复杂性科学, 2006, 3(3): 10-19.
XIAO R B. Analysis of characteristics of swam intelligence and its significance to the research of complex systems[J]. Complex Systems and Complexity Science, 2006, 3(3): 10-19.
[4] THERAULAZ G, BONABEAU E. Modelling the collective building of complex architectures in social insects with lattice swarms[J]. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 1995, 177(4): 381-400.
[5] KUNZ H, HEMELRIJK C K. Artificial fish schools: collective effects of school size, body size, and body form[J]. Artificial Life, 2003, 9(3): 237-253.
[6] NISHIMURA S I, IKEGAMI T. Emergence of collective strategies in a prey-predator game model[J]. Artificial Life, 1997, 3(4): 243-260.
[7] KENNEDY J, EBERHART R C, SHI Y H. Swarm Intelligence[M]. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2001.
[8] CHASE I D. Social process and hierarchy formation in small groups: a comparative perspective[J]. American Sociological Review, 1980, 45(6): 905-924.
[9] BECKER J, BRACKBILL D, CENTOLA D. Network dynamics of social influence in the wisdom of crowds[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2017, 114(26): 5070-5076.
[10] CASTELLANO C, FORTUNATO S, LORETO V. Statistical physics of social dynamics[J]. Reviews of Modern Physics, 2009, 81(2): 591-646.
[11] 刘举胜, 何建佳, 韩景倜, 等. 观点动力学研究现状及进展述评[J]. 复杂系统与复杂性科学, 2021, 18(2): 9-20.
LIU J S, HE J J, HAN J T, et al. A review of the research status and progress of opinion dynamics[J], Complex Systems and Complexity Science, 2021, 18(2): 9-20.
[12] DEGROOT M H. Reaching a consensus[J]. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1974, 69(345): 118-121.
[13] HEGSELMANN R, KRAUSE U. Opinion dynamics and bounded confidence models, analysis, and simulation[J]. Journal of Artifical Societies and Social Simulation, 2002, 5(3): 2.
[14] XING Y, WANG X, QIU C, et al. Research on opinion polarization by big data analytics capabilities in online social networks[J]. Technology in Society, 2022, 68: 101902.
[15] 夏倩芳, 原永涛. 从群体极化到公众极化:极化研究的进路与转向[J]. 新闻与传播研究, 2017, 24(6): 5-32.
XIA Q F, YUAN Y T. From group polarization to public polarization: the approach and turn of polarization research[J]. Journalism and Communication, 2017, 24(6): 5-32.
[16] BRAMSON A, GRIM P, SINGER D J, et al. Disambiguation of social polarization concepts and measures[J]. The Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 2016, 40(2): 80-111.
[17] HSIAO Y C, YU E C H. Polarization perception and support for democracy: the case of Taiwan[J]. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 2020, 55(8): 1143-1162.
[18] DRUCKMAN J N, PETERSON E, SLOTHUUS R. How elite partisan polarization affects public opinion formation[J]. American Political Science Review, 2013, 107(1): 57-79.
[19] DELLAPOSTA D. Pluralistic collapse: the “Oil Spill” model of mass opinion polarization[J]. American Sociological Review, 2020, 85(3): 507-536.
[20] TORNBERG P, ANDERSSON C, LINDGREN K, et al. Modeling the emergence of affective polarization in the social media society[J]. Plos One, 2021, 16(10): e0258259.
[21] STONER J A F. A comparison of individual and group decisions involving risk[D]. Boston: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1961.
[22] MOSCOVICI S, ZAVALLONI M. The group as a polarizer of attitudes[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1969, 12(2): 125-135.
[23] ISENBERG D J. Group polarization: a critical review and meta-analysis[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986, 50(6): 1141-1151.
[24] LI J, XIAO R B. Agent-based modelling approach for multidimensional opinion polarization in collective behaviour[J]. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 2017, 20(2): 4.
[25] CHAU H F, WONG C Y, CHOW F K, et al. Social judgment theory based model on opinion formation, polarization and evolution[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 2014, 415: 133-140.
[26] JAGER W, AMBLARD F. Uniformity, bipolarization and pluriformity captured as generic stylized behavior with an agent-based simulation model of attitude change[J]. Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory, 2005, 10(4): 295-303.
[27] BANISCH S, OLBRICH E. An argument communication model of polarization and ideological alignment[J]. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 2021, 24(1): 1.
[28] LA ROCCA C E, BRAUNSTEIN L A, VAZQUEZ F. The influence of persuasion in opinion formation and polarization[J]. Europhysics Letters, 2014, 106(4): 40004.
[29] MÄS M, FLACHE A. Differentiation without distancing. explaining bi-polarization of opinions without negative influence[J]. Plos One, 2013, 8(11): e74516.
[30] HAGHTALAB N, JACKSON M O, PROCACCIA A D. Belief polarization in a complex world: a learning theory perspective[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2021, 118(19): e2010144118.
[31] DANDEKAR P, GOEL A, LEE D T. Biased assimilation, homophily, and the dynamics of polarization[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2013, 110(15): 5791-5796.
[32] 王宁, 赵胜洋, 杨学成. 基于自我归类理论的群体极化模型与仿真[J]. 情报杂志, 2020, 39(3): 130-139.
WANG N, ZHAO S Y, YANG X C. Group polarization model and simulation based on self-categorization theory[J]. Journal of Intelligence, 2020, 39(3): 130-139.
[33] BARRERA LEMARCHAND F, SEMESHENKO V, NAVAJAS J, et al. Polarizing crowds: consensus and bipolarization in a persuasive arguments model[J]. Chaos, 2020, 30(6): 063141.
[34] FU G Y, ZHANG W D. Opinion formation and bi-polarization with biased assimilation and homophily[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 2016, 444: 700-712.
[35] HIGHAM D J, MANTZARIS A V. A network model for polarization of political opinion[J]. Chaos, 2020, 30(4): 043109.
[36] SCHWEITZER F, KRIVACHY T, GARCIA D. An agent-based model of opinion polarization driven by emotions[J]. Complexity, 2020: 5282035.
[37] KRUEGER T, SZWABIN~SKI J, WERON T. Conformity, anticonformity and polarization of opinions: insights from a mathematical model of opinion dynamics[J]. Entropy, 2017, 19(7): 371.
[38] PRASETYA H A, MURATA T. A model of opinion and propagation structure polarization in social media[J]. Computational Social Networks, 2020, 7: 2.
[39] ZHAO Y Y, ZHANG L B, TANG M F, et al. Bounded confidence opinion dynamics with opinion leaders and environmental noises[J]. Computers and Operations Research, 2016, 74: 205-213.
[40] ZHAO Y Y, KOU G, PENG Y, et al. Understanding influence power of opinion leaders in e-commerce networks: an opinion dynamics theory perspective[J]. Information Sciences, 2018, 426: 131-147.
[41] 虞鑫, 许弘智. 意见领袖、沉默的螺旋与群体极化:基于社会网络视角的仿真研究[J]. 国际新闻界, 2019, 41(5): 6-26.
YU X, XU H Z. Opinion leader, spiral of silence and group polarization: a simulation study on social network perspective[J]. Chinese Journal of Journalism and Communication, 2019, 41(5): 6-26.
[42] BAUMANN F, SOKOLOV I M, TYLOO M. A laplacian approach to stubborn agents and their role in opinion formation on influence networks[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 2020, 557: 124869.
[43] GHEZELBASH E, YAZDANPANAH M J, ASADPOUR M. Polarization in cooperative networks through optimal placement of informed agents[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 2019, 536: 120936.
[44] FELICIANI T, FLACHE A, TOLSMA J. How, when and where can spatial segregation induce opinion polarization? two competing models[J]. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 2017, 20(2): 6.
[45] SIRBU A, PEDRESCHI D, GIANNOTTI F, et al. Algorithmic bias amplifies opinion fragmentation and polarization: a bounded confidence model[J]. Plos One, 2018, 14(3): e0213246.
[46] SANTOS F P, LELKES Y, LEVIN S A. Link recommendation algorithms and dynamics of polarization in online social networks[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2021, 118(50): e2102141118.
[47] BAUMANN F, LORENZ-SPREEN P, SOKOLOV I M, et al. Modeling echo chambers and polarization dynamics in social networks[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2020, 124(4): 048301.
[48] WALDROP M M. News feature: modeling the power of polarization[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2021, 118(37): e2114484118.
[49] SHERIF M, HOVLAND C I. Social judgment: assimilation and contrast effects in communication and attitude change[M]. New Haven, USA: Yale University Press, 1961.
[50] 陈福平, 许丹红. 观点与链接:在线社交网络中的群体政治极化[J]. 社会, 2017, 37(4): 217-240.
CHEN F P, XU D H. Comments and links: group political polarization in social networking sites[J]. Chinese Journal of Sociology, 2017, 37(4): 217-240.
[51] 刘强, 赵茜. 算法中选择的同化与异化——国外回音室效应研究20年述评与展望[J]. 新闻界, 2021(6): 29-38.
LIU Q, ZHAO X. Assimilation and dissimilation of selection in algorithms: a review and prospect of the study of echo chamber effect in foreign countries in the past 20 years[J]. Journalism and Mass Communication, 2021(6): 29-38.
[52] 卢智增, 高翔. 社交媒体平台群体极化的形成机理与引导策略研究[J]. 情报理论与实践, 2021, 44(8): 51-58.
LU Z Z, GAO X. The study on the formation mechanism and guiding strategies of group polarization in social media platforms[J]. Information Studies: Theory and Application, 2021, 44(8): 51-58.
[53] WOJCIESZAK M. Deliberation and attitude polarization[J]. Journal of Communication, 2011, 61(4): 596-617.
[54] BAIL C A, ARGYLE L P, BROWN T W, et al. Exposure to opposing views on social media can increase political polarization[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2018, 115(37): 9216-9221.
[55] FAN K, PEDRYCZ W. Evolution of public opinions in closed societies influenced by broadcast media[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2017, 472: 53-66.
[56] CHEN Z, LAN H. Dynamics of public opinion: diverse media and audiences’ choices[J]. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 2021, 24(2): 8.
[57] LORD C G, ROSS L, LEPPER M R. Biased assimilation and attitude polarization: the effects of prior theories on subsequently considered evidence[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1979, 37(11): 2098-2109.
[58] XIA W G, YE M B, LIU J, et al. Analysis of a nonlinear opinion dynamics model with biased assimilation[J]. Automatica, 2020, 120: 109113.
[59] CHEN Z H, QIN J H, Li B, et al. Dynamics of opinions with social biases[J]. Automatica, 2019, 106: 374-383.
[60] VALLONE R P, ROSS L, LEPPER M R. The hostile media phenomenon: biased perception and perceptions of media bias in coverage of the Beirut massacre[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1985, 49(3): 577-585.
[61] 马萍. 敌意媒介效果:媒介偏见研究的新转向[J]. 兰州大学学报(社会科学版), 2020, 48(5): 73-79.
MA P. Hostile media effect: a new turn in media bias research[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University(Social Sciences), 2020, 48(5): 73-79.
[62] PERLOFF R M. A three-decade retrospective on the hostile media effect[J]. Mass Communication and Society, 2015, 18(6): 701-729.
[63] POST S. Polarizing communication as media effects on antagonists. understanding communication in conflicts in digital media societies[J]. Communication Theory, 2019, 29(2): 213-235.
[64] 张轩宇, 陈曦, 肖人彬. 后真相时代基于敌意媒体效应的观点演化建模与仿真[J].复杂系统与复杂性科学, 2023,20(3):44-51,59.
ZHANG X Y, CHEN X, XIAO R B. Modeling and simulation of opinion evolution based on hostile media effect in the post-truth era[J]. Complex Systems and Complexity Science, 2023,20(3):44-51,59.
[65] GUNTHER A C, MILLER N, LIEBHART J L. Assimilation and contrast in a test of the hostile media effect[J]. Communication Research, 2009, 36(6): 747-764.
[66] MAFAEL A, GOTTSCHALK S A, KREIS H. Examining biased assimilation of brand-related online reviews[J]. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 2016, 36: 91-106.
[67] RICHARDSON J D, HUDDY W P, MORGAN S M. The hostile media effect, biased assimilation, and perceptions of a presidential debate[J]. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 2008, 38(5): 1255-1270.
[68] GEARHART S, MOE A, ZHANG B. Hostile media bias on social media: Testing the effect of user comments on perceptions of news bias and credibility[J]. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2020, 2(2): 140-148.
[69] REID S A. A self-categorization explanation for the hostile media effect[J]. Journal of Communication, 2012, 62(3): 381-399.
[70] HARTMANN T, TANIS M. Examining the hostile media effect as an intergroup phenomenon: the role of ingroup identification and status[J]. Journal of Communication, 2013, 63(3): 535-555.
[71] 王东, 刘雪琳. 转基因论战中的偏见同化与敌意感知:意见领袖对派别成员的影响[J]. 国际新闻界, 2021, 43(2): 47-60.
WANG D, LIU X L. Biased assimilation and hostile media effect in the controversy of GM food: the influences of opinion leader[J]. Chinese Journal of Journalism and Communication, 2021, 43(2): 47-60.
[72] EINAV G, ALLEN O, GUR T, et al. Bursting filter bubbles in a digital age: opening minds and reducing opinion polarization through digital platforms[J]. Technology in Society, 2022, 71: 102136.
[73] de ARRUDA H F, CARDOSO F M, de ARRUDA G F, et al. Modelling how social network algorithms can influence opinion polarization[J]. Information Sciences, 2022, 588: 265-278.
[74] de BOER V, KEIJZER M A, MÄS M. The complex link between filter bubbles and opinion polarization[J]. Data Science, 2022, 5(2): 139-166.
[75] 王一伊, 卜凡亮. 涉恐个体极端思想演化双阈值观点动力学模型[J].复杂系统与复杂性科学, 2022,19(4):55-63.
WANG Y Y, BU F L. A dual-threshold viewpoint dynamics model for the evolution of individual extreme thoughts in the context of terrorism[J]. Complex Systems and Complexity Science, 2022,19(4):55-63.