Abstract：To explore the behavioral characteristics of massive crowds under the active interaction of millions of streamers and viewers in the field of live streaming, this paper summarized the temporal patterns of live streaming workload and user behavior characteristics of the live streaming platform, taking Douyu and Huya live streaming platforms as examples, a statistical analysis of 123 consecutive days, involving more than 2.4 million anchors, and more than 726 million live streaming data. The live streaming workload has obvious intra-day and intra-week effect. Different live streaming modes have significant differences in live streaming characteristics such as the average number of viewers and followers. The lifetime of streamers and the number of viewers conform to a power law distribution. With the development of the platform, there is a strong linear correlation between the number of streamers and viewers, but its volatility is gradually increasing, reflecting the increasingly strong heterogeneity and non-uniformity of the system. It is of great significance for understanding user behavior patterns in complex systems of live streaming, mining user distribution laws and changing trends, and designing business models such as personalized recommendations.
郭淑慧, 吕欣. 网络直播大数据:统计特征与时序规律挖掘[J]. 复杂系统与复杂性科学, 2023, 20(2): 1-9.
GUO Shuhui, LÜ Xin. Data Mining of Live Streaming Platforms: Statistical Characteristics and Temporal Pattern[J]. Complex Systems and Complexity Science, 2023, 20(2): 1-9.
[1] CHEN X, CHEN S, WANG X, et al. " I was afraid, but now I enjoy being a streamer!" understanding the challenges and prospects of using live streaming for online education[J]. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 2021, 4(CSCW3): 1-32. [2] LIU L, AREMU E O, YOO D. Brand marketing strategy of live streaming in mobile era: a case study of tmall platform[J]. Journal of East Asia Management, 2020, 1(1): 65-87. [3] LU Z, ANNETT M, FAN M, et al. " I feel it is my responsibility to stream" streaming and engaging with intangible cultural heritage through livestreaming[C]// BREWSTER S, FITZPATRICK G, COX A, et al. Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Scotland, UK: ACM, 2019: 1-14. [4] FAN H, LEE F L F. Judicial visibility under responsive authoritarianism: a study of the live broadcasting of court trials in China[J]. Media, Culture & Society, 2019, 41(8): 1088-1106. [5] 中国互联网网络信息中心. 第49次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告[EB/OL]. [2022-07-04]. http://www.cnnic.net.cn/hlwfzyj/hlwxzbg/hlwtjbg/202202/P020220311493378715650.pdf. CENTER C I N I. The 49th statistical report on internet development in China[EB/OL]. [2022-07-04].http://www.cnnic.net.cn/hlwfzyj/hlwxzbg/hlwtjbg/202202/P020220311493378715650.pdf. [6] 艾媒咨询. 2021Q3中国在线直播行业研究报告[EB/OL]. [2022-07-04]. https://www.iimedia.cn/c400/81868.html. CONSULTING I R. 2021Q3 China online live streaming industry research report[EB/OL]. [2022-07-04].https://www.iimedia.cn/c400/81868.html. [7] CLAYPOOL M, FARRINGTON D, MUESCH N. Measurement-based analysis of the video characteristics of twitch. tv[C]// BERRY J, BERTOZZI E, FIELLIN L, et al. 2015 IEEE Games Entertainment Media Conference (GEM). Toronto, Canada: IEEE, 2015: 1-4. [8] PIRES K, SIMON G. YouTube live and twitch: a tour of user-generated live streaming systems[C]// OOI W T, FENG W-C, LIU F. Proceedings of the 6th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference. Oregon, USA: ACM, 2015: 225-230. [9] ZHU Z H, YANG Z, DAI Y F. Understanding the gift-sending interaction on live-streaming video websites[C]// MEISELWITZ G. International Conference on Social Computing and Social Media. Vancouver, Canada: Springer, 2017: 274-285. [10] NASCIMENTO G, RIBEIRO M, CERF L, et al. Modeling and analyzing the video game live-streaming community[C]// BAEZA-YATES R. 2014 9th Latin American Web Congress. Minas Gerais, Brazil: IEEE, 2014: 1-9. [11] ZHAO J, MA M, GONG W, et al. Social media stickiness in mobile personal livestreaming service[C]// LAB C. 2017 IEEE/ACM 25th International Symposium on Quality of Service (IWQoS). Vilanova i la Geltrú, Spain: IEEE, 2017: 1-2. [12] PIRES K, SIMON G. Dash in twitch: adaptive bitrate streaming in live game streaming platforms[C]// HASSAN M, BEGEN A C, TIMMERER C. Proceedings of the 2014 Workshop on Design, Quality and Deployment of Adaptive Video Streaming. Sydney, Australia: ACM, 2014: 13-18. [13] ZHANG C, LIU J. On crowdsourced interactive live streaming: a twitch. tv-based measurement study[C]// FENG W-C, ZINK M. Proceedings of the 25th ACM Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video. Oregon, USA: ACM, 2015: 55-60. [14] HAMILTON W A, GARRETSON O, KERNE A. Streaming on twitch: fostering participatory communities of play within live mixed media[C]// JONES M, PALANQUE P, SCHMIDT A, et al. Proceedings of the 32nd annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Toronto, Canada: ACM, 2014: 1315-1324. [15] LYKOUSAS N, GóMEZ V, PATSAKIS C. Adult content in social live streaming services: characterizing deviant users and relationships[C]// BRANDES U, REDDY C, TAGARELLI A. 2018 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM). Barcelona, Spain: IEEE, 2018: 375-382. [16] 郭淑慧, 吕欣. 网络直播平台数据挖掘与行为分析综述[J]. 物理学报, 2020, 69(8): 117-126. GUO S, LU X. Live streaming: data mining and behavior analysis[J].Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(8): 117-126. [17] BORGES A, GOMES P, NACIF J, et al. Characterizing sopcast client behavior[J]. Computer Communications, 2012, 35(8): 1004-1016. [18] VELOSO E, ALMEIDA V, MEIRA W, et al. A hierarchical characterization of a live streaming media workload[C]// KüHLEWIND M, KUTSCHER D. Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet measurment. Marseille France: ACM, 2002: 117-130. [19] DENG J, CUADRADO F, TYSON G, et al. Behind the game: exploring the twitch streaming platform[C]// NETGAMES. 2015 International Workshop on Network and Systems Support for Games (NetGames). Zagreb, Croatia: IEEE, 2015: 1-6. [20] JIA A L, SHEN S, EPEMA D H, et al. When game becomes life: the creators and spectators of online game replays and live streaming[J]. ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMM), 2016, 12(4): 47. [21] FALLICA B, LU Y, KUIPERS F, et al. On the quality of experience of SopCast[C]// AT-BEGAIN K, CUEVAS A. 2008 The Second International Conference on Next Generation Mobile Applications, Services, and Technologies. Cardiff, Hnited Kingdom: IEEE, 2008: 501-506. [22] 中国信息通信研究院. 2018下半年中国网络直播行业景气指数及短视频报告[EB/OL]. [2022-07-04]. http://www.caict.ac.cn/kxyj/qwfb/ztbg/201907/P020190711347399467992.pdf. TECHNOLOGY C A O I A C. China's online live streaming industry prosperity index and short video report in the second half of 2018[EB/OL]. [2022-07-04].http://www.caict.ac.cn/kxyj/qwfb/ztbg/201907/P020190711347399467992.pdf. [23] KHADEMALOMOOM S, NARAYAN P K. Intraday effects of the currency market[J]. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 2019, 58(1): 65-77. [24] PINK D H. When: The Scientific Secrets of Perfect Timing[M]. New York: Penguin Press, 2019: 15-20. [25] HINES C B. Time-of-day effects on human performance[J]. Journal of Catholic Education, 2004, 7(3): 390-413. [26] BERNARD T, GIACOMONI M, GAVARRY O, et al. Time-of-day effects in maximal anaerobic leg exercise[J]. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 1997, 77(1-2): 133-138. [27] MÜLLER U A, DACOROGNA M M, OLSEN R B, et al. Statistical study of foreign exchange rates, empirical evidence of a price change scaling law, and intraday analysis[J]. Journal of Banking & Finance, 1990, 14(6): 1189-1208. [28] STOHR D, LI T, WILK S, et al. An analysis of the YouNow live streaming platform[C]// KANHERE S, TöLLE J, CHERKAOUI S. 2015 IEEE 40th Local Computer Networks Conference Workshops (LCN Workshops). Florida, USA: IEEE, 2015: 673-679. [29] GUPTA S, HANSSENS D, HARDIE B, et al. Modeling customer lifetime value[J]. Journal of service research, 2006, 9(2): 139-155. [30] SRIPANIDKULCHAI K, MAGGS B, ZHANG H. An analysis of live streaming workloads on the internet[C]// LOMBARDO A, KUROSE J. Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement. Sicily, Italy: ACM, 2004: 41-54. [31] 樊超, 郭进利, 韩筱璞, 等. 人类行为动力学研究综述[J]. 复杂系统与复杂性科学, 2011, 8(2): 1-17. FAN C, GUO J, HAN X, et al. A review of research on human dynamics[J]. Complex Systems and Complexity Science, 2011, 8(2): 1-17. [32] 李爽, 陈亚荣. 网络直播环境下人际互动对用户行为意愿的影响研究[J]. 中国市场, 2018, 1(7): 18-20. LI S, CHEN Y. Research on the influence of interpersonal interaction on user behavior intention in the environment of online live streaming[J]. China Market, 2018, 1(7): 18-20. [33] LILJEROS F, EDLING C R, AMARAL L A, et al. The web of human sexual contacts[J]. Nature, 2001, 411(6840): 907-8. [34] BARÁBASI A L, ALBERT R. Emergence of scaling in random networks[J]. Science, 1999, 286(5439): 509-12. [35] REDNER S. How popular is your paper? An empirical study of the citation distribution[J]. European Physical Journal B Condensed Matter Physics,1998,4(2): 131-134. [36] REPETOWICZ P, HUTZLER S, RICHMOND P. Dynamics of money and income distributions[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 2005, 356(2-4): 641-654. [37] ALMEIDA J M, KRUEGER J, EAGER D L, et al. Analysis of educational media server workloads[C]// NIEH J. Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video. New York, USA: ACM, 2001: 21-30. [38] DA SILVA D F C, NETO R D M S. Population dynamics and spatial dependence: evidence from Brazilian cities[J]. Review of Regional Studies, 2019, 49(3): 454-473. [39] GUO Q, GAO L. Distribution of individual incomes in China between 1992 and 2009[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 2012, 391(21): 5139-5145.
